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Shivaji's coronation ceremony at Raigarh (6th June 1674)

On 6th June 1674, Shivaji's coronation ceremony was performed
according to the shastras by Vishweshwar, also called Gaga Bhatta,
of Varanasi, a master of the four Vedas, the six philosophies and
all the Hindu scriptures after he had gone through the genealogy
brought by Balaji Avji Prabhu, Shivaji's secretary, which showed
that the Bhonsles were a branch of the highly respected Sisodias of
Mewar, the Kshatriyas of the purest Rajput clan.
# भारतीय इतिहास की गौरवशाली गाथा है शिवाजी महाराज का
राज्याभिषेक
As there was no unbroken tradition of the ceremonies performed an
the occasion of the coronation of an independent sovereign, a body
of learned men went through the Sanskrit texts and Smritis to find
out the exact procedure, and information was also gathered from
Mewar and Amber, two of the oldest Rajput States, on various points
connected with Rajyabhisheka.
The daily religious ceremonies preliminary to the main occasion and
visits to most of the important shrines in Maharashtra kept Shivaji
busy. He performed worship of Mahadeva (Siva), Bhavani, and other
deities for a number of days. On 6th June 1674 the formal
coronation ceremony took place.
On the two sides of the throne, various emblems of royalty and
government hung from gilded lance-heads – two large fish heads of
gold, on the left several horses' tails, (the insignia of royalty)
and a pair of gold scales, evenly balanced (the emblem of justice)
on a very costly lance-head.
As Shivaji mounted the throne,. The priests lifted up their voices
chanting holy verses and blessing the king who bowed to them in
return. The crowd set up deafening shouts of Jai Jai. All the
musical instruments began to play and the artillery of every fort
in the kingdom fired salvos of all their guns exactly at this time.
The main priest, Gaga Bhatta, advanced to the throne, held the
royal umbrella of cloth of gold fringed with pearls over his head,
and hailed him as Shiva Chhatrapati or Shiva the paramount
sovereign.
The coronation ceremony was an event of great significance in the
history of India. In case of all other rulers, the coronation had
to be approved by the Mughal Emperor, but Shivaji did it as a bold
challenge to the Mughal authority, and the title of Chhatrapati or
paramount sovereign which he adopted symbolized this challenge. He
could now claim devotion and loyalty of the people over whom he
ruled and his treaties and promises now had greater sanctity as
engagements of the head of a State and had more legal validity and
assurance of permanence.
The formal assertion of his position as an independent king
gratified every Hindu heart, harassed and oppressed by the Muslim
governments and clerics drawing authority and sanction from the
teachings and ideas alien to the culture of India.
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